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Ardagh Chalice
Ardagh chalice at the
National Museum of Ireland
Material
Silver, gilt bronze, gold wire, glass, and enamel.
Created
Early Christian Period
(700 AD - 800 AD)
Discovered
1868 near the village of Ardagh, County Limerick, Ireland
Present location
National Museum of Ireland, Dublin
The Ardagh Chalice, which ranks with the Book of Kells as one of the finest known works of Insular art, indeed of Celtic art in general, is thought to have been made in the 8th century AD.
The large, two-handled silver cup, decorated with gold, gilt bronze, brass, lead pewter and enamel, has been assembled from 354 separate pieces. The main body of the chalice is formed from two hemispheres of sheet silver are joined with a rivet hidden by a gilt-bronze band. The names of the apostles are incised in a frieze around the bowl, below a girdle bearing inset gold wirework panels of animals, birds, and geometric interlace. Techniques used include hammering, engraving, lost-wax casting, filigree applique, cloisonn and enameling.
It was found in 1868, together with a small bronze cup and four brooches, by two boys, Jim Quinn and Paddy Flanagan, digging in a potato field on the south-western side of a rath (ring fort) called Reerasta, beside the village of Ardagh, County Limerick, Ireland. It had a bronze cup within it, and four ornate brooches (fibulae). Buried without the least protection as they were, covered merely by a slab of stone, the pieces must have been interred in a hurry, probably temporarily, as though the owner probably intended to return for them at a later time. The brooches found with the chalice show that it was not buried until the Vikings period.
It is now in the National Museum of Ireland. The standard monograph is L.S. Ggan, The Ardagh Chalice
The chalice was featured on a 1 value definitive postage stamp issued by An Post between 1990 and 1995 as part of the series Irish Heritage and Treasures designed by Michael Craig.
Two Gaelic Athletic Association trophies are modeled on the Chalice: the O'Duffy Cup and the Sam Maguire Cup.
Finally, it may be related to the Derrynaflan Chalice found close by in the neighboring County Tipperary. At that time the ruling dynasty in Tipperary and most of Munster were the Eganachta, while their allies and possible cousins the U Fidgenti ruled in the Limerick area (see Byrne 2001; Begley 1906). Although the early suggestion that the chalice was fabricated at Clonmacnoise and stolen from there by a Limerick Dane is widely circulated, this is unprovable. A Munster origin is just as likely if not more so given the 1980 discovery of the sister Derrynaflan Hoard. A Clonmacnoise origin is not mentioned at the National Museum of Ireland website .
External links
The Ardagh Chalice at the National Museum of Ireland
The Ardagh Chalice
Ardagh Chalice
See also
Derrynaflan Chalice
Further reading
Begley, John, The Diocese of Limerick, Ancient and Medieval. Dublin: Browne & Nolan. 1906.
Byrne, Francis J., Irish Kings and High-Kings. Four Courts Press. 2nd edition, 2001.
Duffy, Sen (ed.), Medieval Ireland: An Encyclopedia. Routledge. 2005.
Ggan, Liam S., The Ardagh Chalice. Dublin. 1932.
Categories: Celtic art | History of County Limerick | Stub-Class Archaeology articles | Silver objects | Chalices | Medieval art | Treasure troves of Medieval Europe | Treasure troves in the Republic of IrelandHidden categories: Articles lacking in-text citations from July 2009 | All articles lacking in-text citations
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